The document discusses soil investigation for determining appropriate foundation types and capacities. It describes conducting field tests and collecting lab samples to characterize soil properties, profile, and bearing capacity. Common soil colors are outlined. Methods of soil exploration include test pits, borings, and geophysical techniques. Problems with expansive black cotton soils are explained. Design considerations for shallow foundations and pile foundations are covered.

1. SOIL-INVESTIGATION AIM of SOIL INVESTIGATION FIELD TESTS AND LAB TESTS, SOIL PROFILE, ENGINEERING & PHYSICAL CHEM ,PROPERTIES OF SOIL , TYPE OF FOUNDATION, SOIL BEARING CAPACITY PILE CAPACITY Lt Col MC Naorem

6. VARIATION in SIZE and GRADATION OF SOIL I- LL upto 35, I- LL 35 to 50 ,H- LL>50 Clay plasticity-CH- C.I C.L Smaller than 75 micron Clay-C, CH, CI, CL smaller than 75 micron Silt- M- MH, MI, ML Single sized sand Sand poorly graded-SP Having all above sizes in proportion Sand well graded-SW 425 to 75 micron Fine sand-S 2.0 to 425 micron Medium sand-S 4.75 to 2.0 mm Coarse Sand -S Coarse 80 to 20mm and Fine 20 to 4.75mm Gravel-G -GW, GP 300mm to 80mm / Boulders/ Cobbles

7. General Soil Profile ROCK BOULDERS COARES SAND CLAY FINE SAND SILT FILLEDUP SOIL ORGANIC SOIL